The world of Jujutsu Kaisen is absolutely massive and, over the years, Gege Akutami has introduced fans to quite a lot of different aspects of the power system that is Cursed Energy. Fans have ...The Horn of Africa nation will hold historic parliamentary and presidential elections in late September and October. Somalia goes to the polls from this Saturday (Sept. 24) to elec...Jujutsu Kaisen, Chapter 212, "The Ripening, Part 2". Debut Date. February 6, 2023. After taking over Megumi's body, Sukuna was more powerful than he had ever …Read JUJUTSU KAISEN - Chapter 252 - A brief description of the manga JUJUTSU KAISEN: Yuuji is a genius on the field! ... We get more insight into how people visualise …‘Jujutsu Kaisen’ revolves around Yuji Itadori, a high school boy who inherits the power of Sukuna Ryomen, the king of curses, after ingesting his cursed fingers to protect his friends. Unfortunately, he then becomes the host of the dangerous demon and finds himself shouldering the responsibility that no one …Sep 25, 2023 ... ... Jujutsu-Kaisen-Manga-174-Colored-Yuta-Okkotsu-906081493 https://www.deviantart.com/prmas/art/Jujutsu-Kaisen-153-Coloring-Hakari-Kinji ...Jujutsu Kaisen 242 will see Kenjaku and Takaba fight a bizarre battle. It was clear to see that Yuji was a monster to take on in combat. One of the biggest advantages of being Sukuna's vessel was ...Jujutsu Kaisen has skyrocketed in popularity in recent years, becoming the top-selling manga worldwide in 2021 and 2022.The series is one of the most creative …How to Repair a Broken Zipper - It�s not that hard to repair a broken zipper yourself. Get step-by-step instructions on how to repair or replace a broken zipper. Advertisement A ... Mahoraga countered Infinity by changing the nature of his CE to bypass it. The nature of RCT is to be lethal to cursed spirits, so I think RCT would kill Mahito. Edit: I just realized this could also answer why Gojo's Unlimited Purple damaged him. CE natures interact with CTs. Kashimo was immune to Kamutoke's lightning due to his CE nature ... The newest Jujutsu Kaisen chapter seems to reveal that Yuji has somehow mastered the Reverse Cursed Technique, which he gets to show off in his endgame battle against Sukuna. While Jujutsu Kaisen ...Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL …Episode 1. Cursed Techniques ( 術 ( じゅつ) 式 ( しき) Jutsushiki?) are abilities fueled by cursed energy. [1] . Different types include innate techniques, barrier techniques, …We all know his RCT is the best in the verse but many people don’t know that the reason Gojo survived in Sukuna’s domain is, as stated by Sukuna, his RCT. ... The Jujutsu Kaisen Official Fan Book lists the Cursed Technique of Kokichi Muta (Mechamaru) and Masamichi Yaga, ...Jogo (漏 (じょう) 瑚 (ご) , Jōgo?) is a major antagonist in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. He was an unregistered special grade cursed spirit aligned with Mahito, Hanami, and Dagon. Jogo believed …Naoya Zenin (禪 (ぜん) 院 (いん) 直 (なお) 哉 (や) , Zen'in Naoya?) was the youngest son of Naobito Zenin and believed himself to be the true heir of the Zenin Family. Naoya was also the head of the clan's elite unit of jujutsu sorcerers, the Hei. Naoya is a relatively tall young man with a fit build. He has sharp brown eyes and dyed blonde hair accented with his …Profile. Synopsis. Image Gallery. Yuta Okkotsu. Anime. Manga. Biographical Information. Kanji. 乙骨憂太. Rōmaji. Okkotsu Yūta. Personal Description. Species. Human. Birthday. …Jujutsu Kaisen is available to read via Viz Media. The series can be read by the fans officially and for free on the Shonen Jump and the Manga Plus app. The release date for the next chapter of ...Especially rct since it comes from the brain, just from functioning for a day your brain uses ~500 calories, now imagine how many it takes to have it produce magic healing reverse curse technique ... r/JujutsuKaisen is a subreddit dedicated to the ongoing manga and anime series "Jujutsu Kaisen" written and illustrated by Gege Akutami, and ...Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …Damage is the water being spilled. RCT refills the bucket. Idle Transfiguration is cutting a hole in the side of the bucket. No matter how much you pour more water in, it doesn’t fix the hole. With enough water, you can extend the amount of time before the bucket empties, but it will run out just the same. Reply reply.Radar is used to track storms, planes, and weapons and also to create topographic maps. Learn about radar, radar technology and Doppler shift. Advertisement Radar is something that... Atsuya Kusakabe (日 (くさ) 下 (か) 部 (べ) 篤 (あつ) 也 (や) , Kusakabe Atsuya?) is a supporting character in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. He is a grade 1 jujutsu sorcerer and instructs the second-year students at Tokyo Jujutsu High. Atsuya is a tall man with spiky brown hair and sharp dark eyes. Atsuya wears a dust brown peacoat over a white dress shirt with a jade necktie, black ... Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL …The Horn of Africa nation will hold historic parliamentary and presidential elections in late September and October. Somalia goes to the polls from this Saturday (Sept. 24) to elec...All There in the Manual: The fanbook reveals that, during the events of Jujutsu Kaisen 0, he was involved an altercation with a conservative Jujutsu higher-up which ended with Hakari beating the living tar out of him, leading to his suspension. Ambiguous Situation: Whether or not Hakari and Kirara are dating. Kinji is introduced with his hand ... From the very first episode of Jujutsu Kaisen, Sukuna was built up as the big bad of the franchise and the strongest sorcerer in history.After taking over Yuji's body, he would fight against ... Idly indulging in baseless paranormal activities with the Occult Club, high schooler Yuuji Itadori spends his days at either the clubroom or the hospital, where he visits his bedridden grandfather. However, this leisurely lifestyle soon takes a turn for the strange when he unknowingly encounters a cursed item. Triggering a chain of …The newest Jujutsu Kaisen chapter seems to reveal that Yuji has somehow mastered the Reverse Cursed Technique, which he gets to show off in his endgame battle against Sukuna. While Jujutsu Kaisen ...Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …r/JujutsuKaisen is a subreddit dedicated to the ongoing manga and anime series "Jujutsu Kaisen" written and illustrated by Gege Akutami, and animated by MAPPA. ... of Arata's Pain Killer being able to either reverse damge or increase damage honestly either one of them could be the RCT and for a Domain I got no idea So what CT would you give a ...Description. As the name suggests, Cursed Spirit Manipulation is a technique where one can completely control cursed spirits they were able to conquer in battle. Rather than exorcise a cursed spirit, the user can absorb them into a small black sphere. A cursed manipulator can also collect absorb curses from anyone also …Cursed energy, which forms the basis of Jujutsu Kaisen’s power system, is essentially energy borne out of negative emotions that jujutsu sorcerers use to power their cursed techniques. A select few sorcerers in the story are able to manipulate their cursed energy into positive energy, and are thus able to use the …The most intriguing part of Jujutsu Kaisen is the unique power of curses. The monsters are born from negative emotions and are called “cursed spirits” or simply curses.Highlights. Key takeaways: Sukuna has incredible cursed techniques and cursed energy, making him one of the strongest characters in Jujutsu Kaisen. Sukuna's powers include the ability to dismantle ...Reverse Cursed Technique (RCT) has nothing to do with an inherent cursed technique (like gojo’s infinity or megumi’s shikigami). It is simply a technique that somehow combines cursed energy (what you use to …The secret magic behind Gojo's revival is known as Reverse Cursed Technique, a special technique within the Jujutsu Kaisen world that can heal severe to severe wounds once activated by the user ...So the easiest and the confirmed way to kill an RCT user is by destroying their brain completely. If Toji Fushiguro had pierced the Inverted Spear of Heaven into Gojo's head and opened it up ...Jujutsu Kaisen has taken the anime and manga world by storm, captivating fans with its unique blend of supernatural elements and intense action sequences. With each new chapter, th...Jujutsu Kaisen is available to read via Viz Media. The series can be read by the fans officially and for free on the Shonen Jump and the Manga Plus app. The release date for the next chapter of .... Jogo (漏 (じょう) 瑚 (ご) , Jōgo?) is a major antagonist in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. He was an unregistered special grade cursed spirit aligned with Mahito, Hanami, and Dagon. Jogo believed curses were the true humans and desired a world where his kind dominated the earth. Jogo had a humanoid shape but his physical appearance was distinctly that of …Highlights. Key takeaways: Sukuna has incredible cursed techniques and cursed energy, making him one of the strongest characters in Jujutsu Kaisen. Sukuna's powers include the ability to dismantle ...A Binding Vow (縛 (しば) り, Shibari?) is a pact made with jujutsu that creates conditions for themselves or agreements with others. Binding vows are considered by all jujutsu users to be one of the essential tenets of jujutsu sorcery. Binding Vows are essentially contracts created through cursed energy that an individual can make with one's self or another … Either you block the attack (perfectly like Gojo) or you tank the attack and heal any damage received like Yuta. Sukuna fights like a super charged Yuta. Gojo is designed to block everything but instead Sukuna is designed to tank hits and heal with RCT. He probably can heal damage easily on the same scale as Hakari losing his stomach and an arm. Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak … He can go into even smaller holes and do it The Boys style, going into your goddamn dickhole and going Jujutsu on the Kaisen up in your shaft, domaining his expansion all the way to your testicles, he'll even do you a solid and use his CT on your SPERMS, transfiguring them into the finest specimen of semen there is, genetically modified to ... You can get rct 2 the same way as rct1 by taking damage at low hp Domain clashing winner is always determined by how much strength you have for example if you look at megumi sukuna his strength is 30 while gojo is 29 although sukunas wins for a different reason here because of that sukunas would get the edge in a domain clash in order to flatout win a domain clash (what gojo did to jogo in s1 ... Jujutsu Kaisen (呪 (じゅ) 術 (じゅつ) 廻 (かい) 戦 (せん) , Jujutsu Kaisen?) is a manga written and illustrated by Gege Akutami and is published in Weekly Shonen Jump. The first chapter was published on March 5, 2018, in issue 14 of Weekly Shonen Jump. Main Article: Gege Akutami Gege Akutami (芥 (あくた) 見 (み) 下...In Jujutsu Kaisen chapter 238, fans finally witness Sukuna at full power, showcasing his true form and abilities in a battle against Kashimo. Yuji Itadori, who initially lacked a cursed technique ...Damage is the water being spilled. RCT refills the bucket. Idle Transfiguration is cutting a hole in the side of the bucket. No matter how much you pour more water in, it doesn’t fix the hole. With enough water, you can extend the amount of time before the bucket empties, but it will run out just the same. Reply reply.So the easiest and the confirmed way to kill an RCT user is by destroying their brain completely. If Toji Fushiguro had pierced the Inverted Spear of Heaven into Gojo's head and opened it up ...GDSentry. • 2 hr. ago. With rct you output positive energy from CE. Cursed technique reversal is when the effect of your technique is reversed by feeding it positive energy. We still don't know what Sukuna's technique is, so it's difficult to speculate. jaxen13. •.Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …Many have RCT so be ready for a long battle). Once you hit special grade, you will no longer recieve buffs to your cursed energy nor will you gain any new basic techniques. ... I advise you to download the addon for this Jujutsu Kaisen GT mod. This will give you many options. (For example: Restoring a Cursed Technique using a Reverse Technique ...Amanda Nguyen is a force. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to Money's Terms of Use and Privacy Notice and co...Jujutsu Kaisen is an anime television series based on Gege Akutami's manga series of the same name. The anime series was announced in the 52nd issue of Weekly Shōnen …Jan 18, 2024 · Expand Tweet. According to the spoilers, Jujutsu Kaisen chapter 248 is titled “Inhuman Makyo Shinjuku Showdown, Part 20.”. Yuji’s attack on Sukuna is futile and the Executioner’s Sword ... Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …2024 Anime Awards Winner. Average Rating: 4.9 (350.6k) 2,529 Reviews. Add To Watchlist. Add to Crunchylist. JUJUTSU KAISEN is a serialized manga series with story and artwork by Gege Akutami and...Yesterday, embattled hedge fund SAC Capital announced that it’s changing its name to Point72 in April, a name based on the address of the company’s headquarters in Connecticut. Whi... Yuji Itadori is a high school student who joins a secret group of sorcerers to fight cursed spirits that threaten humanity. But when he swallows a powerful talisman, he becomes the host of a legendary demon. Read Jujutsu Kaisen, the hit manga series from Shonen Jump, and follow his thrilling adventures in a world of dark magic and mystery. How fees for mutual funds, index funds and ETFs work. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to Money's Terms of U...Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL outside of the week's Leak …Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL …GDSentry. • 2 hr. ago. With rct you output positive energy from CE. Cursed technique reversal is when the effect of your technique is reversed by feeding it positive energy. We still don't know what Sukuna's technique is, so it's difficult to speculate. jaxen13. •. Hiromi Higuruma is a man of average height with lightly tanned skin and a slender build. He has short, well-kept, dark-brown hair with a stringy texture that is styled to flow toward the back of his head. Hiromi has a large nose and brown eyes with very small pupils. He almost always has a tired and bored expression on his face due to overwork ... Jujutsu Kaisen is an anime television series based on Gege Akutami's manga series of the same name. The anime series was announced in the 52nd issue of Weekly Shōnen … Mahoraga's overwhelming physical prowess. The shikigami itself is a towering, muscular humanoid figure with four wings protruding from its eye sockets and a tail-like appendage extending from the back of its head. Hovering just above this is a large eight-handled wheel that rotates as Mahoraga responds to new stimuli. Watch Jujutsu Kaisen Online. Stream subbed and dubbed episodes of Jujutsu Kaisen online - legal and free, due to our partnerships with the industry. Provided by Season 1 (Subbed) Episode 24. Accomplices. Episode 23. The Origin of Blind Obedience - 2 - Episode 22. The Origin of Blind Obedience. Episode 21. Jujutsu …The Ten Shadows Technique (十 (と) 種 (くさの) 影 (かげ) 法 (ぼう) 術 (じゅつ) , Tokusa no Kage Bōjutsu?) is an inherited technique passed down in the Zenin Clan. Using shadows as an intermediary, this technique allows the user to summon ten different shikigami. When someone inherits the Ten Shadows Technique, they receive two Divine Dogs. Other …Jujutsu Kaisen animators undergo a collective meltdown in the past few hours on Twitter, talking about the production crash and their poor working conditions. Staff requested a delay but was denied a delay by the production committee. Episodes are being completed mere hours before being aired. For those wondering why can’t … Yorozu (万 (よろず) , Yorozu?) is a character in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. She was a jujutsu sorcerer from Aizu during the Heian Era who was acknowledged by the Fujiwara clan and obsessed with Sukuna. She was incarnated into the body of Tsumiki Fushiguro for the Culling Game. Yorozu was a tall woman with an athletic build, fair skin, and light-colored eyes. She had long dark hair, and ... FRANKLIN LIFESMART 2040 RETIREMENT TARGET FUND ADVISOR CLASS- Performance charts including intraday, historical charts and prices and keydata. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksCursed Technique Lapse: Blue (術 (じゅつ) 式 (しき) 順 (じゅん) 転 (てん) 「蒼 (あお) 」, Jutsushiki Junten・Ao?) is the strengthed form of the Limitless, a powerful extension technique passed down in the Gojo Clan. Blue is achieved when the Limitless user greatly amplifies the amount of cursed energy poured into the …Furudate • Fumi • Jin Itadori • Keita Oe • Nagi Yoshino • Saori • Tadashi Okazaki • Takada-chan • Wasuke Itadori • Yuko Ozawa. U.S. Government. Cyrus Veil • Garry K. Johnson. Categories. Languages. Français Polski. Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Fantasy. List of Characters that appear ... Kinji Hakari (秤 (はかり) 金 (きん) 次 (じ) , Hakari Kinji?) is a character in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. He is a third-year student at Tokyo Jujutsu High who is currently suspended for clashing with authority. While away from the school, Kinji is running the Gachinko Fight Club, a venue for hand-to-hand combat between sorcerers for money. Kinji is a tall young man with tan skin and a ... Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando one-day admission tickets have made the leap to triple digits. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Mone... The Sukuna of "Jujutsu Kaisen" is named as such because his appearance and strength are like that of Ryōmen-sukuna. Sukuna has won the award for "Best Antagonist" in the Crunchyroll Anime Awards 2021. The mononym is comprised of the Go-on readings for "lodging, inn" (宿, suku) and "exorcism" (儺, na). The title "Ryomen" means "two faces". Theory. As in latest chapters of the Hakari vs Kashimo fight, there is a conventional wisdom among sorcerers and fans that RCT comes from the head and CE from the gut. This I believe to be without a doubt, untrue. Todo, in Kyoto Exchange, mentions that many sorcerers think of CE as flowing from the gut, then dismissing that. Yuta Okkotsu (乙 (おっ) 骨 (こつ) 憂 (ゆう) 太 (た) , Okkotsu Yūta?) is a major supporting character in the Jujutsu Kaisen series and the main protagonist of its prequel series, Jujutsu Kaisen 0: Jujutsu High. He was initially a special grade cursed human haunted by his late childhood friend, Rika Orimoto. Satoru Gojo mentored Yuta and enrolled him at Tokyo Jujutsu High. Yuta is ... Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Reverse Cursed Technique is achieved by multiplying Cursed Energy by itself gaining Positive Energy. It can heal you but it costs so much Curse Power to do so. There are 2 ways to obtain this ability: 1, is to get the advancement and 2, it can be dropped from Stevenson's ... Kinji Hakari (秤 (はかり) 金 (きん) 次 (じ) , Hakari Kinji?) is a character in the Jujutsu Kaisen series. He is a third-year student at Tokyo Jujutsu High who is currently suspended for clashing with authority. While away from the school, Kinji is running the Gachinko Fight Club, a venue for hand-to-hand combat between sorcerers for money. Kinji is a tall young man with tan skin and a ... Radar is used to track storms, planes, and weapons and also to create topographic maps. Learn about radar, radar technology and Doppler shift. Advertisement Radar is something that...Welcome to r/Jujutsushi, a subreddit where you can freely talk about all officially-released chapter content for the Shounen Jump series, Jujutsu Kaisen!Please make sure you've reviewed our rules and FAQs!. Spoilers, no matter how vague, of unofficially released chapters (i.e. leaks or scanlations) are not allowed AT ALL … Blood Manipulation (赤 (せっ) 血 (けつ) 操 (そう) 術 (じゅつ) , Sekketsu Sōjutsu?) is an inherited technique passed down in the Kamo Family. It allows the user to control their own blood. As the name implies, Blood Manipulation is a cursed technique that allows the user to control and shape their blood beyond its natural form or motion for a variety of effects. It can be used to ... Dedicated to Jujutsu Kaisen memes, shitposts, fanarts, and discussions. ... When Gojo figured out RCT, he literally become high and called himself enlightened I just wish that when higuruma did the same, there would have been some more fanfare before the strong cleave bc this shit is moving unceremoniously fastSPOILER. can geto use rct. Manga Discussion. Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Sort by: AutoModerator. MOD • 10 mo. ago •. …Thanks to the usage of RCT, this loss can be mitigated immediately after. However, this technique isn't all that special if the user does not possess RCT. 8 Contractual RecreationĐọc truyện tranh Jujutsu Kaisen - Chú Thuật Hồi Chiến tiếng việt. Mới nhất, ảnh đẹp chất lượng cao, nhanh nhất tại TruyenQQVN.ComJUJUTSU KAISEN is a serialized manga series with story and artwork by Gege Akutami and published in Weekly Shonen Jump. An anime adaptation came shortly after, with animation handled by Studio MAPPA.Contractual Re-Creation (再契 (さいけっ) 象 (しょう) , Saikesshō?) is an innate technique used by Reggie Star. It allows him to reproduce the subject of contracts, such as whatever is written on receipts. As the name suggests, this technique uses contracts such as receipts to produce anything written on them. This manifests …Many have RCT so be ready for a long battle). Once you hit special grade, you will no longer recieve buffs to your cursed energy nor will you gain any new basic techniques. ... I advise you to download the addon for this Jujutsu Kaisen GT mod. This will give you many options. (For example: Restoring a Cursed Technique using a Reverse Technique ...In the last episode of Jujutsu Kaisen season 2, we saw Yuta Okkotsu revealing his desire to kill Yuji Itadori. ... Yuta applied RCT on him, bringing him back to life. And by killing him for a ...Catered, in-depth, text-based manga discussion of the series Jujutsu Kaisen by Gege Akutami. Free range for officially released chapters. -- ⚠️ LEAKS GO ONLY IN THE PRE-RELEASE MEGATHREAD. ⚠️ ... As for RCT and DE, those have nothing do with cursed spirit manipulation. There’s no point in arguing if Geto has …Before you had kids, your car was probably in decent condition. After you had kids, every surface in your car had the potential to turn into a sticky, glittery, crumb-covered mess.... ---1